摘 要
本实验以羊骨为原料,研究不同高压及酶解条件对骨及骨汤中几种成分的影响。整体分为两阶段实验:一、以不同时间、压力和骨水比高压羊骨,分析蛋白质、脂肪等的变化,并分别筛选最优方案;二、在骨汤蛋白得率最高的高压条件下高压羊骨,再以不同的酶、酶浓度和酶解时间酶解骨汤,分析水解度DH、肽链长度PCL及游离钙含量的变化,并各筛选最优方案。结果表明:A、高压 ①骨粉及骨汤蛋白质含量最高:压力为0.05MPa,高压2.0h,骨水比为1:2;②骨粉中氨态氮最低:压力0.13MPa,高压4.0h,骨水比为1:3;骨汤中氨态氮最低:0.10MPa,3.0h,骨水比1:4;B、酶解 ①游离钙含量最高:中性蛋白酶,酶浓度1500u/L,酶解6h;②水解度最高:胰蛋白酶,酶浓度1:100,酶解6h;③PCL值最低:胰蛋白酶,酶浓度1:125,酶解6h;PCL值最高:碱性蛋白酶,酶浓度1500u/L,酶解8h。
关键词: 羊骨;高压;酶解
Abstract
This experiment takes sheep bone as material, in order to study the influence of some ingredients in sheep bone and bone soup under high preesure and enzyme methods. The whole experiment is divided into two stage: firstly, dealing with the bone in the condition of different pressure, duration and ratio of bone to water, then analyzing the change about the content of protein, fat etc., moreover selecting each of the best methods. Secondly, dealing with another part of sheep bone under high pressure, which can obtain the highest content of protein, then hydrolyzing the bone soup in the condition of different enzyme, density of enzyme and duration. Analyzing the change of DH, PCL and active calcium, and selecting each of best method. The results: (1) Dealing with the bone under high pressure ①High content of protein in sheep bone or bone soup:0.05MPa(pressure), 2h(duration), 1:2(ratio of bone to water); ②Low amino acids in bone powder:0.13MPa, 4h, 1:3; Low amino acids in bone soup: 0.10MPa, 3h, 1:4; (2) Hydrolysis the bone soup with enzymes ①High content of calcium: neutral enzyme, 1500u/L(density of enzyme), 6h(duration); ②High DH: pancreatic enzyme, 1:100, 6h; ③ Low PCL: Pancreatic enzyme, 1:125, 6h; High PCL: alkalescency enzyme, 1500u/L, 8h..
Key words:Sheep bone; High pressure; Hydrolysis
目录
摘 要 1
Abstract 2
引言 4
1 试验材料与方法 5
1.1 试验材料 5
1.2 试验方法 6
1.3 试验设计方案 8
2 结果与分析 9
2.1 骨骼高压正交试验结果及分析 9
2.2 骨汤酶解正交试验设计方案及分析 14
3 讨论 17
3.1 肽与酶解 17
3.2 骨汤中钙的实用价值[13] 17
4 结论 18
参 考 文 献 18
引言
骨头本身含有11% ~15% 的蛋白质,而且是一种优质的蛋白资源,国内外许多发达国家都非常重视骨蛋白的开发利用,利用各种高新技术生产出多种骨蛋白食品。蛋白质水解可生成氨基酸,肽类等。肽是由氨基酸通过肽键连接而成的化合物,它是机体组织细胞的基本组成成分。最简单的肽是由两个氨基酸组成的二肽,其中含有1个肽键;含有3个、4个、5个等氨基酸的肽分别称为三肽、四肽和五肽等。由2~10个氨基酸通过肽键形成的直链肽称为寡肽(oligopetide)或小肽;由肽键结合起来的多于10个氨基酸的聚合体则称为多肽(polypeptide)[1]。

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