摘 要
超临界机组由于具有较高的效率,受到各国的重视,现在超超临界机组已经成为我国电力技术发展的方向。蒸汽参数越高,电站发电机组的效率就越高,然而材料是制约蒸汽参数提高的关键因素。发展超临界机组的关键在于高温材料的特性。
由于超超临界机组的应用在我国尚处于起步阶段,T/P92等新型耐热钢的高温性能研究,尤其是该材料在超超临界参数温度下的各种特性,研究的很少。
本文对T/P92钢在 700℃、725℃和 750℃温度下分别进行了 10~1000 小时的无应力高温时效实验,借助硬度计和扫描电镜、光学显微镜,通过硬度测量和组织变化观测的方法,对T/P92钢的强化机理、高温力学性能、时效性能及硬度变化规律进行了具体的总结、分析与研究。研究表明:随着时效时间的延长和时效实验温度的提高,T/P92钢中的碳化物发生析出、聚集和长大,同时,材料的位错密度降低,硬度逐渐下降 根据硬度的测量结果,在 700和725℃下,在长达 1000 小时的时效(回火)时间内,T/P92钢的硬度变化呈现急剧下降—平稳下降两个阶段变化规律。在150~1000小时的时效时间内硬度的变化不大。而在750℃下,材料的硬度持续下降而且下降的趋势比700℃和725℃下明显。
通过对试验试样的维氏硬度检测,在时效试验的基础上,得到了无载荷作用时效条件下硬度与Larson-Miller参数间的关系。
关键词:T/P92钢;时效;硬度
ABSTRACT
Ultra supercritica1 units are favored all over the world for its high efficiency. Now it has become the future tendency of power technology for our country to develop ultra supercritical units. As we know the higher the steam parameters, the higher the efficiency of fossil power unit we can obtain. However, steam parameters are greatly limited by the applied material. The key to develop ultra supercritical units is the properties of high temperature material.
Because the application time of ultra supercritica1 units in our country is not so long, few research about high temperature property of a new-type heat-resistant steel T/P92, especially the property of this material under ultra supercritical temperature, has been done.
Ageing experiments were performed on T/P92 steels at 700℃, 725℃ and 750℃ respectively with the time from 10 to 1000 hours in this essay. Through method of hardness measurement and microstructure observation, hardness meter, scanning electron microscope and optical microscope were used to study the microstructure characteristic, strengthening mechanism, high temperature mechanical property, ageing behavior and regularity of hardness change in T/P92 steel at high temperature. The results indicate that the carbides precipitated, congregated and grew with prolonged ageing time and increased temperature while the hardness and dislocation density decreased at the same time.
According to hardness examination results on samples undergone different ageing-time at 700℃ and 725℃, the hardness change in T/P92 steel shows a fast-slow two stages. The change of hardness is not very sharp from 150 to 1000 hours .However, the hardness of T/P92 steel decreases all through the tempering time under 750℃. Compared with 700℃ and 725℃, the tendency of negative characteristic is more obvious.
The Vicker’s hardness was measured on the samples. Through the ageing experiment, the relationship between Larson-Miller parameter and the Vicker’s hardness is obtained under the unstressed state.
Key words: T/P92 steel; ageing; hardness
目 录
摘 要 i
ABSTRACT ii
第一章 概 论 1
1.1课题的研究背景 1
1.2国内外超超临界锅炉的发展 2
1.3 锅炉用铁素体耐热钢的研究历史及现状 3
1.4国内外对9%Cr铁素体耐热钢的研究情况 6
1.5 本论文的主要工作 8
第二章 T/P92耐热钢的强化机理 10
2.1 耐热钢高温强化的一般机理[7] 10
2.1.1固溶强化 10
2.1.2沉淀强化 10
2.1.3晶界强化 11
2.2 铁素体耐热钢中合金元素的作用 11
2.3 T/P92钢的强化机理分析 12
2.3.1 Cr的强化作用 13
2.3.2 Nb-V的复合沉淀强化 13
2.3.3 W-Mo复合固溶强化 13
2.3.4硼的晶界强韧化 14
第三章 T/P92钢的高温性能 15
3.1 9%Cr 铁素体钢的高温性能 15
3.2 T/P92钢的常温力学性能 16
3.3 T/P92钢的屈服和拉伸强度 16
3.4 T/P92钢的低周疲劳 17
3.5 T/P92钢的蠕变性能 18
3.6 T/P92钢的高温时效性能 18
3.6.1 长时等温时效对T/P92钢蠕变行为的影响 18
3.6.2 热处理对T/P92钢力学性能的影响 21
3.7 硬度与耐热钢高温性能的关系 23
3.7.1 硬度与蠕变断裂特性之间的关系 23
3.7.2 硬度与蠕变速率之间的关系 24
第四章 T/P92钢高温时效下的力学性能实验研究 25
4.1引言 25
4.2实验方法 25
4.3实验结果及分析 26
4.3.1硬度与时效温度的关系 26
4.3.2 硬度与时效时间的关系 28
4.4结论 31
总结与展望 33
参考文献 34
致 谢 36

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