大母神和上帝——关于《秀拉》中伊娃的原型分析
The Great Mother and God——An Archetypal Analysis of Eva in Sula
大母神和上帝——关于《秀拉》中伊娃的原型分析
摘要:
伊娃是美国黑人女作家托妮•莫瑞森在其第二篇小说《秀拉》中塑造的一个女性形象。该人物因其种种令人费解的行为和矛盾的性格而备受读者和评论界的关注。而该论文意欲采用弗莱的原型批评的方法对其进行分析。在文中,伊娃被视为是大母神和上帝这两个神话原型的文学移位。该论文首先对弗莱的原型批评方法和两个神话原型做了简要的介绍,然后运用原型批评的方法对伊娃这一文学形象做了深入的分析。论文作者希望通过原型批评方法的运用,该论文能帮助人们对伊娃这一人物获得一个新的更好的认识。
关键词:伊娃;原型批评;大母神;上帝
The Great Mother and God
——An Archetypal Analysis of Eva in Sula
Abstract
Eva, the female character in Toni Morrison’s second novel Sula (1973), has long drawn the attention of critics and readers alike. Attempts to analyze Eva’s puzzling and paradoxical behaviors are numerous and diverse. This essay attempts to analyze this character with an archetypal approach. Eva is interpreted as the literary displacement of the Great Mother who is both the giver, protector and the taker of life, and a literature displacement of the Almighty, God. The paper will first give a brief account of the archetypal criticism and a general introduction to the two archetypes explored in the paper, and then analyze Eva from an archetypal perspective. Through the analysis, the paper aims to gain a better understanding and an in-depth interpretation of the character Eva.
Key words: Eva; archetypal criticism; the Great Mother; God
Acknowledgements
First and foremost, I would like to express my heartfelt gratitude to my supervisor, Mr. Wang Zuhua, both for his intellectual and professional guidance without which, I could not have worked out the finished thesis and for his great patience during the process of writing this thesis. With patience and prudence, he labored through every draft of this work and pointed out defects in my theorizing. Therefore, I owe all the merits in this thesis, if any, to him, though I am fully aware that the thesis might still contain mistakes, for which I bear the whole responsibility.
My cordial and sincere thanks go to all my teachers in the Department of English, especially to Ms. Qin Hong and Ms. He Hua, for their patient and informative courses that have benefited me during my college years. The profit gained from their profound knowledge, remarkable expertise and intellectual ingenuity will be of everlasting significance to my future study and career.
I am also very grateful to my friends in the college, for they have brought me precious friendship and the happiness of being with a group of excellent and ambitious people. Thanks for their encouragements when I became frustrated, and thanks for their company during this important phase of life.
Last but not the least; my thanks should especially go to those of the same supervisor, for they have given me so much help and information throughout the process of writing this thesis.
Contents
中文摘要 i
Abstract ii
Acknowledgements iii
Introduction 1
I. The Great Mother and God as the Archetypes 4
A. The Great Mother 4
B. God 4
II. Eva as the Displacement of the Great Mother 6
A. Eva vs. Eve 6
B. Eva as a Mother 6
1. A Loving Mother 6
2. A Terrible Mother 8
III. Eva as the Displacement of God 10
A. Creator of 7 Carpenter’s Road 10
B. Sovereign of 7 Carpenter’s Road 11
C. Namer of Others 13
Conclusion 16
Notes 17
Bibliography 19

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