目 录
设计总说明 I
DESIGN INTRODUCTION II
1 前言 1
1.1 什么是单片机 1
1.2 单片机的发展历史 1
1.3 单片机的应用特性 2
1.4 单片机的应用 3
1.5 单片机应用系统 4
1.6 扩展系统 4
2 抢答器硬件与电路 6
2.1 AT89C2051芯片 6
2.1.1 AT89C2051概述 6
2.1.2 AT89C2051特性 6
2.1.3 AT89C2051引脚功能 7
2.2 三端稳压器7805 8
2.3 抢答器单元电路 9
2.3.1 时钟单元电路 9
2.3.2 复位电路 10
2.3.3 数码显示管 11
2.4 工作原理 13
2.5 整机电路 13
2.6 PCB版图 13
3 程序设计 14
3.1 程序设计思路 14
3.2 键盘扫描 14
3.3 程序流程图 15
3.4 源程序 15
4 实物制作与调试 16
4.1 实物制作 16
4.2 实物调试 16
4.3 实物图 17
5 结论 18
鸣 谢 19
参考文献 20
附 录 21
附录Ⅰ 整机电路图 21
附录Ⅱ PCB版图 22
附录Ⅲ 源程序 23
设计总说明
现在开展的竞赛抢答活动越来越多,而在大多数比赛当中都是采用抢答器进行抢答的。虽然市面上的抢答器功能较为齐全,但价钱也相对较贵,在一些小型的比赛当中难以普及。
本设计的核心是使用AT89C2051单片机来对信号进行锁存、显示等功能。抢答器在程序控制下工作,开始逐列扫描按键,行送低电平,列送高电平。在比赛当中有按键被按下,在程序的控制下就可以判断是那个按键被按下,并对该按键进行锁定,同时输出到数码显像管中,显示出是那一位选手抢答成功。当完成了一次抢答的时候,主持人可以通过控制键对上一次的抢答结果进行清零使程序回到初始状态并同时开始下一轮的抢答。
此抢答器电路设计原理简单、功耗低、稳定性好、反应速度快和安装方便。在条件的允许下还可以进行扩展成16路或者增加倒计时等功能。由于实现此抢答器所需的硬件只是一块AT89C2051芯片、数码管和按键等,所以成本比较低,适用于许多场合。
关键词:抢答器;单片机;程序控制
DESIGN INTRODUCTION
More and more vie to answer first actives are developed. In most of the competitions vie for answer machine will be used. In the mark, many vie for answer machine with many functions but the price is too expensive to be use widely.
The core of this design uses the single chip to realize the function that lock and save signal to demonstration. When putting through the power source, the single chip is at the original state and start to scan the keyboard electric circuit according the program, examining whether the keys have been pressed down. Single chip is working in the program’s control, starting to scan pressed key by the row, the line to deliver the low level and the row delivers the high level. If have key been pressed down, the line’s level of the key will be input to the single chip, so it can judge which key be pressed down and lock it, at the same time output to the digital kinescope, demonstrated which player vie to answer first successfully. When one match have completed the director can clear the program through the control key, so it can start the next match.
This vie to answer first machine’s circuit design principle simply, the power loss low, the stability is good, the reaction rate quickly and the installment is very convenient. Because realizing this machine just need a AT89C2051 chip, some tubes and the pressed key, therefore, the cost is low, it can be used in many place and situation.
KEYWORDS: Vie For Answer;Signal chip;Program Control

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